In the present study, we used the MN test in exfoliated mucosa cells and the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) or the Comet assay because of the advantages these systems afford in the screening of DNA damage caused by environmental mutagens. Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes has been accepted as a technique suitable for the biological monitoring of genetic damage in somatic cells since the early 1970s. investigated the degree of exposure to organic solvents and related genotoxic consequences in paint factory workers using cytogenetic monitoring (MN and Comet assay), finding no statistical differences regarding genetic biomarkers between exposed and non-exposed workers. More recently, in vivo genotoxic studies have demonstrated that dust and fumes of lead-based paints cause chromosomal damage that result in a significant increase in heritable CAs levels in painters. describe an increase in MN in peripheral lymphocytes and in oral mucosa cells of paint industry workers in Cuba.
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Higher values of chromosomal aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), micronuclei (MN) (in lymphocytes and in oral mucosa cells), and DNA damage detected by the Comet assay in leukocytes are reported for workers exposed to automobile coatings and painters in general. The little information available regarding genotoxic effects associated to exposure to paints describes positive and negative results. Paint manufacture workers are potentially exposed to the chemicals found in paint products although the patterns and levels of exposure to individual agents may differ from those of painters. Thousands of chemical compounds are used in the manufacturing of paint products, like pigments, extenders, binders, additives, and solvents (toluene, xylene, ketones, alcohols, esters, and glycol ethers). However, occupational exposure in paint manufacture is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity.
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These findings are consistent with the 1989 report issued by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, which classified painting as an occupationally related cause of cancer and provided further evidence that the risk of certain cancers is increased by exposures in the paint manufacturing process. According to recent studies, occupational exposure to paint may cause an increased risk of several kinds of cancer, including lung, bladder and pancreas cancer, and lymphatic and hematopoietic tumors.